Otitis Externa - Ear Infections in Dogs

Otitis Externa, commonly called ear infections, are a common and painful condition in dogs. These infections can occur in any breed, but those with larger, floppy ears, and dogs that frequent wet or moist environments are more prone to them. The classic case of a Labrador or Golden that swims regularly!

Understanding Ear Infections in Dogs:

• Types: Canine ear infections are typically classified into three categories: otitis externa (affecting the outer ear up to the tympanic membrane or ear drum), otitis media (middle ear), and otitis interna (inner ear). Otitis externa is by far the most common condition that we see.

• Causes: Ear infections can be caused by bacteria, yeast, ear mites, moisture trapped in the ear, allergies, or foreign bodies.

• Risk Factors: Dogs that swim frequently, those with allergies, or those with excessive ear wax or hair lining their ear canal are at higher risk.

Symptoms to Watch For:

• Scratching or pawing at the ear

• Head shaking or tilting

• Redness or swelling in the ear

• Foul-smelling discharge

• Whining or discomfort when the ear is touched

• Loss of balance or hearing (in severe cases)

Diagnosis and Treatment: At Yarmouth Veterinary Center, diagnosing an ear infection starts with a thorough physical examination, including an otoscopic exam of the ear canal. In most  cases, a sample of the ear discharge is taken for microscopic examination or possibly a culture. The purpose of this is to definitively diagnose the underlying causative agent to best direct treatment.

Treatment varies based on the underlying cause:

• Bacterial Infections: Treated with antibiotics - most often topical (such as an ointment) but certain cases may require oral medications as well.

• Yeast Infections: Treated with antifungal medications - most often topical, but occasionally require oral medications as well.

• Ear Mites: Treated with parasiticides - many of the common flea and tick preventatives are capable and effective for treating this.

• Allergies: Addressed by identifying and avoiding allergens.

Prevention Tips:

• Regular ear cleaning, especially after swimming or bathing, can help prevent infections. YVC carries several ear flush solutions and we commonly discuss this at annual exams or if your pet has chronic ear problems.

• Monitor for early signs of discomfort or irritation in the ears.

• Maintain a healthy diet to support the immune system and avoid excessive weight gain as fat can be inflammatory.

Prognosis: Most ear infections in dogs respond well to treatment, especially when caught early. However, chronic or recurring infections may require more intensive management and can lead to more serious conditions, up to and including serious balance issues and hearing loss.